Discuss the IoT architecture and application of smart grid

introduction

Although the informatization level of China's power grid is constantly improving, it still faces some special problems, such as building a strong backbone power grid, improving the ability of the power grid to resist multiple failures, strengthening the backbone grid of various regions, improving the stability of the grid, and enhancing the operation of the grid Flexibility, perfect information construction of power-related enterprises, realize information interaction with users, and give full play to the role of information technology in major decision-making and modern management. The solution of these problems is the key to the evolution of the existing power grid to a smart grid that is reliable, self-healing, economical, compatible, integrated and safe. Building a new generation of smart grid information and communication technology (ICT) platform is the foundation of smart grid construction.

At the same time, as a new type of communication network that realizes intelligent identification, positioning, tracking, monitoring and management, the Internet of Things has been piloted in many fields such as logistics management, intelligent buildings, security services, health care, etc., and has received good results. Effect. The Internet of Things connects any item to the Internet through radio frequency identification (RFID), wireless sensors, global positioning systems, laser scanners, and other information sensing devices, thereby realizing information interaction and communication between things and people, and between people and things. Among them, wireless sensor network and RFID technology are the most critical technologies at the end of the Internet of Things.

At present, the development of the smart grid and the Internet of Things industry have been promoted to the strategic decision level of national economic development. How to organically integrate the smart grid and the Internet of Things is an important problem to be solved in the development of electric power. Introducing the Internet of Things into a new generation of smart grid information and communication technology (ICT) platform should not be a reconstruction of the current power communication network, but on the basis of the full development of existing networks, the use of sensor networks to expand objects and objects The direct communication between them reduces the manual participation in the production process of the power grid and improves the safety factor of the power grid. At the same time, it should also make use of the outstanding features of the Internet of things such as heterogeneous integration, compatibility and openness, self-organization and self-healing, and closely integrate with the Internet to realize the interconnection and interoperability of various networks and realize the mutual perception and interaction between the power grid and society. The application based on the Internet of Things can greatly expand the business scope of the existing power communication network, improve the safety of the power system and the ability to resist faults and disasters, realize the information interaction with users, and finally achieve energy-saving and emission reduction of the smart grid, compatible interaction, Safe and reliable goal.

This paper combines the basic network architecture and business characteristics of the Internet of Things. Through the analysis of the business needs of the four links of smart grid transmission, transformation, distribution and power consumption, this paper proposes a layered architecture of the Internet of Things for the smart grid ICT platform, and The performance of the Internet of Things is compared with the existing power communication network. On this basis, an application solution based on wireless sensor network is proposed for the production process of smart grid; for the perception and interactive requirements of the intelligent power consumption link, a specific analysis of the Internet of Things solution for intelligent power consumption and smart grid interaction is specifically analyzed.

Over the years, although the domestic power industry has done a lot of work in communication technology, it has played a huge role in improving the level of grid automation. However, facing the next generation of smart grid, the existing power information and communication platform is still far from meeting its internal needs. Therefore, we must attach great importance to the research and test work of the new information and communication network architecture from a strategic perspective, and build a safe, reliable, stable, applicable and fast smart grid ICT platform.

From the overall goal, the ICT platform for smart grid should be a highly integrated open communication system. In terms of coverage, it should cover the entire process of power supply, power grid, and users to form a unified whole; in terms of business links, it should cover the full range of power grid construction, production scheduling, electrical energy trading, and technical management; The whole process of design, construction, operation and maintenance, technical transformation, and decommissioning; the data flow transmission should include various stages such as information collection, information transmission, information integration, information display, decision-making application, etc., and finally form the power flow, information flow, business flow Highly integrated and integrated. In addition to providing comprehensive technical support for the safe, stable, economic, high-quality and efficient operation of the power grid, the smart grid ICT platform will also provide strong technical support for green energy conservation, environmental protection, optimal resource allocation, and disaster prevention and reduction.

IoT application framework for smart grid

Due to the large number of blind spots in the data collection of the existing power communication network, such as manual patrol inspection for high-voltage transmission line status monitoring, real-time monitoring of the line cannot be achieved; the system self-healing and self-recovery capabilities are completely dependent on physical redundancy; Simple service to customers and one-way information; there are multiple information islands within the system and lack of information sharing; although the degree of local automation is constantly improving, due to imperfect information and weak sharing capabilities, multiple automation systems in the system It is fragmented, partial, and isolated, and cannot constitute a real-time organic unified whole, so the degree of intelligence of the entire power grid is not high enough.

Aiming at the many problems in the current power communication network, the IoT application framework for smart grids is built. The essence is to use the IoT to build a comprehensive perception and panoramic real-time communication system to integrate the IoT ’s environmental awareness, multi-services and multiple Network integration is effectively embedded in the smart grid ICT platform, thereby eliminating blind spots in data collection, clearing out islands of information, and real-time monitoring, two-way interactive smart grid communication platform.

Figure 1 IoT application framework for smart grid

In terms of specific content, as shown in Figure 1, the Internet of Things for Smart Grid combined with the application requirements of the major links of the power grid has established four application modules for smart transmission, smart substation, smart distribution and smart power consumption. The application requirements of the large modules set up a comprehensive power information platform for the upper-level information processing and application. The information platform database serves as an effective carrier for information processing, and is closely integrated with cloud computing technology to achieve real-time processing and analysis of ubiquitous data. The effective processing of information includes real-time monitoring and troubleshooting of transmission lines, substation equipment, distribution lines and distribution transformers, unified allocation of power resources, and two-way interaction with users' information, thereby achieving high efficiency, economy, safety, reliability and The inherent requirements of an interactive smart grid.

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