Thoughts on China's new energy vehicle development strategy
The new energy vehicles discussed in this article are limited to pure electric vehicles, fuel cell vehicles and hybrid electric vehicles, while advanced diesel powered vehicles and vehicles using bio-liquid fuel are classified as energy-saving vehicles. The so-called pure electric vehicle refers to a car driven by an electric motor driven by a battery or a fuel cell; there are many kinds of fuel cell vehicles, and the best method currently recognized is a proton exchange membrane fuel cell. The characteristic of this technology is that hydrogen is used as fuel, and electrical energy is generated through the movement of electrons, which is stored and used; a hybrid electric vehicle refers to a vehicle powered by a traditional gasoline engine or diesel engine combined with an electric motor.
1. The significance of developing new energy vehicles
The automobile industry is a pillar industry of the national economy. It is closely related to people's lives and has become an indispensable part of modern society. However, the traditional automobile industry fueled by petroleum, while providing people with fast and comfortable means of transportation, has increased the national economy's dependence on fossil energy and deepened the contradiction between energy production and consumption. As the dual pressures of resources and environment continue to increase, the development of new energy vehicles has become the direction of the future development of the automobile industry.
(1) The development of new energy vehicles is an important measure to alleviate the oil shortage
The development of new energy vehicles is the only way to reduce dependence on foreign oil and solve the contradiction between the rapidly growing energy demand and the depletion of oil resources. In recent years, China's auto market has developed rapidly and has become the world's second largest auto market. In 2009, China's car ownership exceeded 70 million, both production and sales exceeded 13 million, and annual oil consumption will reach 120 million tons. At present, China's per capita GDP has exceeded 3,000 US dollars, and the upgrading of consumption structure is an inevitable trend. In addition, China is in an important stage of industrialization, urbanization and motorization, and the rapid growth of automobile demand is inevitable. The number of cars per thousand people in China is only 38, which is far from the world average of 139. There is still considerable room for development in the automobile consumer market. It is estimated that by 2020, China's car ownership will reach 150 million. If all fossil energy is used, the annual oil consumption will reach 250 million tons, accounting for about 55% of China's total oil consumption by then. Therefore, the vigorous development of new energy vehicles is an important measure to alleviate China's oil shortage and reduce its dependence on foreign oil.
(2) The development of new energy vehicles is an effective way to reduce environmental pollution
New energy vehicles do not burn gasoline and diesel, and the lithium batteries used are internationally recognized environmentally friendly batteries. In addition, compared with traditional cars, electric cars have no pollution when they start, and they have excellent environmental performance. In terms of efficiency, the energy conversion efficiency of traditional vehicles is only 17%, and the efficiency of electric vehicles is 90%. Even considering the efficiency loss of coal-fired power generation, the total efficiency of electric vehicles is greater than 30%, which is about twice that of traditional vehicles. The energy saving effect is very obvious. Especially in recent years, countries around the world have paid close attention to the issue of greenhouse gas emissions and climate change. Although China is a developing country with low per capita greenhouse gas emissions, due to the large population of China, the national economy has continued to develop rapidly over the years, and energy consumption It has ranked second in the world, and the pressure on the international community will gradually increase in the future. A survey shows that about 25% of the world's carbon dioxide comes from automobile exhaust. If China can take the lead in achieving breakthroughs in the field of new energy vehicles, it will change China's passive position on climate change and contribute to the global solution to the increasingly serious energy and environmental problems.
(3) The development of new energy vehicles is the only way for the development of the automobile industry
New energy vehicles will give birth to a revolution in automotive power technology, and will inevitably drive the automotive industry to upgrade and establish a new national economic strategic industry, which is the only way for the development of the automotive industry. The cost of using new energy vehicles is very low. Converting the cost of electricity for 100 kilometers, the cost of electricity is only 20% of the cost of oil, that is to say, the use of new energy vehicles only needs one-fifth of the money to run to the number of kilometers equivalent to the original . Ordinary cars, whether manual or automatic, use gearboxes to shift gears. Electric car gearboxes are driven by electric motors without a gearbox and are very powerful. In addition, the four-wheel drive of electric vehicles is simple in principle, easy to implement, and easy to operate and maintain without changing the oil. The above-mentioned characteristics of new energy vehicles determine that it has strong vitality and broad market development prospects. It is envisaged that by 2020, China's new energy vehicles will account for 20% of the car ownership at that time, about 30 million vehicles, and can save 50 million tons of oil annually, which is equivalent to the annual oil output of a Daqing oil field.
(4) The development of new energy vehicles is an important part of smart grid construction
In the traditional power system, there is an inherent contradiction between the fluctuation of the actual power load and the stability of the power load required under the rated operating conditions of the generator set. How to deal with the difference between the peak and valley of the power system has always been a headache for power grid companies. The installed power capacity of our country has exceeded 800 million kilowatts and will continue to grow rapidly, but the current annual utilization hours of the power station is only 5000 hours, that is to say, many units are built in response to the short-term peak load of the power system. If it succeeds, it is enough to build an installed capacity of 600 million kilowatts. Imagine if the government vigorously advocates the development of new energy vehicles, residents of all cities will buy electric vehicles, use low-cost low-cost electricity to charge electric vehicles at night, and sell electricity to the grid at higher prices during peak hours during the day. With the function of peak filling, the problem of peak-to-valley difference can be solved easily. The power grid established according to this assumption will have certain self-regulation capabilities, and the various links of power system generation, transmission, distribution, sales, use and dispatch will form effective interactions and become an intelligent organic whole, thus Greatly improve the safety and reliability of the power system. It can be predicted that as an important part of the construction of smart grid, new energy vehicles will bring a revolution in the power system.
Overall, new energy vehicles represent the development direction of the world's auto industry, the commanding heights of the world's auto industry in the future, and the common strategic choice of major countries and auto manufacturers in the world. From a national strategic perspective, vigorously developing new energy vehicles is a breakthrough in the new round of economic growth and a fundamental way to achieve transportation energy transformation. China's auto industry must take active actions, participate in this global competition for new energy vehicles, and be brave to meet challenges in order to seize this rare historical opportunity and realize the leap-forward development of China's auto industry.
2. The status and trends of international new energy vehicles
Developed countries such as the United States, Japan, and Germany attach great importance to new energy vehicle technology. Proceeding from the strategy of automobile technology transformation and industrial upgrading, they have issued preferential policies and measures to actively promote the development of their new energy vehicle industry, with a view to enhancing the international Competitiveness and occupy a favorable position in the new round of competition in the global auto industry. According to incomplete statistics, before the outbreak of the international financial crisis, developed countries spent not less than US $ 1 billion annually on scientific research and industrialization development of new energy vehicles, and the cumulative investment has reached more than US $ 10 billion.
Under the encouragement and guidance of policies, all major auto manufacturers around the world have accelerated the pace of industrialization of new energy vehicles. At present, "low-emission" hybrid electric vehicles have entered the stage of large-scale industrialization, with cumulative sales of more than 1 million vehicles worldwide, occupying a dominant position in the current new energy vehicle market. The mass production time of "zero emission" pure electric vehicles has been advanced to 2015, which is 10 to 15 years ahead of the original estimated time. It is predicted that around 2012 will usher in the climax of the industrialization of new energy vehicles. The next 10 to 20 years will be a crucial period for the formation of the new energy vehicle industry pattern. New energy vehicles will become a new growth point for economic development.
At present, the country with the largest sales of hybrid vehicles in the world is the United States. In 2008, US sales of hybrid vehicles were 314,000, a year-on-year decrease of 10.3%. In 2007 it was 350,000 vehicles. Although the United States is the country with the largest sales of hybrid vehicles in the world, the proportion of hybrid vehicles in the United States is quite low. In 2008, it accounted for about 2.4% of overall car sales. After taking office, President Obama regarded plug-in hybrid vehicles as a trump card to stimulate the economy and save the automobile industry. Under his advocacy, the federal government has launched a series of powerful measures to promote the plug-in hybrid vehicle program in just a few months, spending $ 14 billion to support the development and production of power batteries and key components. Support charging infrastructure construction, consumer car purchase subsidies and government procurement. The United States has also set up a fund with a total amount of 25 billion US dollars to support manufacturers in the research and development and production of energy-saving and new energy vehicles with low-interest loans. It is estimated that by 2012, half of the US federal government car purchases will be plug-in hybrid or pure electric vehicles. By 2015, there will be 1 million hybrid vehicles in the United States.
3. Development status of new energy vehicles in China
The development of new energy vehicles in China began in the 1990s. Since the "Tenth Five-Year Plan", the state has formulated a new energy vehicle technology plan, and with the support of the "863" project and other national projects, has invested more than 2 billion yuan in research and development funds. The Institute of Electrical Engineering of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 811, Tsinghua University, etc. Ten units listed the research and development of new energy vehicles and related components as key topics, followed up on various major technical routes, obtained staged research results, and trained a strong R & D team. It has laid a good foundation for the development of China's new energy automobile industry.
In recent years, China has accelerated the pace of research and development of new energy vehicles, and now it has the basic conditions for industrial development, has initially formed a relatively complete key parts system, developed a batch of new energy vehicles, and realized a small batch of vehicle production ability. Small-scale demonstration applications have been carried out in Beijing, Tianjin, Shanghai, Wuhan, Zhuzhou and other cities, providing guarantee for technology, products and operating experience for the further promotion of new energy vehicles.
In recent years, as the focus of the global auto industry has begun to shift to the Chinese market, the industrialization of new energy vehicles has accelerated significantly. According to incomplete statistics, at present, there are more than 150 vehicle manufacturers in China including FAW, Dongfeng, SAIC, BAIC, Chery, Geely, Lifan, BYD, etc. There are more than 30 manufacturers engaged in the development and production of hybrid buses. In particular, with the gradual establishment of China's new energy vehicle manufacturing system and independent innovation capability has been greatly improved, many domestic companies have begun to get involved in the development and production of new energy vehicles related batteries, motors and other key components. The gap at the advanced level is closing.
At present, the international financial crisis continues to spread, and the development of the world's major auto companies has been greatly affected, and the survival of companies faces great challenges. To this end, the National Development and Reform Commission has formulated the "Automotive Industry Adjustment and Revitalization Plan", which has comprehensively planned and deployed the development of the automotive industry. The Ministry of Finance and the Ministry of Science and Technology have also issued the "Notice on the Pilot Work of New Energy Vehicle Demonstration and Promotion" Increased policy support for new energy vehicles, auto companies have also increased investment in research and development of new energy vehicles and related parts. As a hotspot of independent innovation in the automobile industry, China's new energy automobile industry is entering a new stage of rapid development.
4. Problems in the development of new energy vehicles in China
In recent years, the output of new energy vehicles in China has increased rapidly, the quality of vehicles has been rapidly improved, and the pace of research and development has been significantly accelerated. It has the basic conditions for industrial development. But overall, China's new energy vehicle industry is still in its infancy, and there are still many problems to be solved, including the following aspects:
(1) The technical level needs to be further improved. According to relevant experts, the current technical level of China's new energy vehicles is still relatively low. In terms of battery system integration technology, large-scale production process design, production process quality and cost control, there is still a large gap with the advanced foreign level, especially in The lack of core technologies such as batteries, motors, and electronic controls has led to a large performance gap between domestic key components and imported products, low efficiency of electric drive systems, long battery charging time, and low service life.
(2) The investment strength of enterprises is obviously insufficient. China's new energy vehicles are still at the level of making "prototype vehicles". To make them a mainstream product that satisfies the majority of users, there is still a lot of follow-up development work for the entire vehicle and parts. But some companies are not stepping up R & D and accumulating independent intellectual property rights, but ca n’t wait to buy foreign batteries, key components and control systems for assembly, which is better known as “system integrationâ€. Although many enterprises in the industry are eager to try, most of them are just taking the opportunity to speculate, bluffing, "thunder and heavy rain, little rain", still in a wait-and-see and waiting state, the actual action is very slow. Some OEMs even take advantage of the state's control of market access for new energy vehicle OEMs to profit from the production of vehicle production qualifications.
(3) The construction of the industrial system is not yet perfect. At present, China's new energy vehicle industry has relatively weak capacity building, and has not established a relatively complete industrial system from scientific research, design to equipment manufacturing. The construction of the industrial chain needs to be further strengthened, especially the construction of supporting infrastructure such as charging stations necessary for consumers. Seriously lagging behind, the technical specifications for testing and testing of new energy vehicles are not perfect, the product certification system needs to be strengthened, and the standardization work is obviously lagging, which seriously hinders the healthy development of the new energy vehicle industry.
(4) Various elements and resources need to be further integrated. At present, most of China's new energy vehicle companies are fighting each other and developing separately. The roles of industry associations and intermediary agencies are not played. The lack of necessary resource integration and coordination, low-level repeated construction are more, and resource waste is more common. How to give full play to the role of the market in allocating resources, effectively integrate various elements and resources for the development of new energy vehicles, and establish a good expectation of new energy vehicles between producers and consumers is one of the problems that China needs to solve when developing new energy vehicles Important task.
(5) The lack of a clear national strategy and powerful policy measures. New energy vehicles are new. Under the current technological level, their production costs are not yet fully capable of competing with traditional vehicles, and the government needs to formulate preferential policies to support them for healthy development. At present, China's new energy vehicle strategy is still unclear. The country has not yet formulated a strategic new energy vehicle development plan. The policies to encourage the production and consumption of new energy vehicles are not systematic enough, and there is a lack of coordination among them. Although the country has formulated new energy vehicles Subsidy policies, but the relevant implementation rules have not yet been issued, and many subsidies are actually difficult to obtain. In addition, local governments paint the land as a prison, and foreign companies enter the local market to adopt an exclusion policy, which leads to the prevalence of local protectionism, which makes the market environment for the development of new energy automobile companies Due to deterioration, the living space is further reduced.
Led Parking Light,Parking Lot Lamps,Outdoor Led Parking Lot Lights,Commercial Parking Lot Lights
Changxing Fanya Lighting Co.,Ltd , https://www.fyledlights.com