Robots are not only used in the industrial field, but have also been promoted and applied in medical systems. Surgical robots such as the well-known Surgical Robot have only been around for 10 years, but they have also made significant progress.
In fact, the surgical robot is a combined device of a group of instruments. It is usually assembled by an endoscope (probe), surgical instruments such as knives and scissors, a micro camera and a joystick. According to foreign manufacturers, the working principle of the currently used surgical robot is surgical operation by wireless operation, that is, the doctor sits in front of the computer display, carefully observes the condition of the patient's body through the display and endoscope, and then through the robot The scalpel in the hand precisely removes (or repairs) the lesion. This system, named MIS by foreign scientists, is the basis for designing all surgical robots. Taking the Da Vinci surgical robot currently in use in hospitals in various countries as an example, as long as a very small opening is opened on the surface of the patient's skin and the probe is inserted into the body, the location of the patient's lesion can be observed, and then the operation in the robot hand The knife cuts it off.
In addition, surgical robots can perform organ repair, vascular anastomosis, or bone grinding, which require very delicate operations. In recent years, surgical robots have been used for various important operations including gene transplantation, neurosurgery, and remote surgery, thereby greatly improving the survival rate of critically ill patients.
As the use of surgical robots is becoming more and more widespread, its sales volume in various countries around the world is increasing. According to foreign reports, as of the end of last year, the number of surgical robots in the United States ranked first in the world (about 300), followed by the United Kingdom (about 80 ~ 90), and South Korea ranked third (37). So far, more than 40 countries including China have various surgical robots. They are all Da Vinci surgical robots produced by IntuiTIve Surgical in the United States or newly developed surgical robots in Europe. According to reports, European manufacturers have independently developed surgical robots five years ago, namely Zeus surgical robots and AESOP surgical robots produced by Computer MoTIon, and their working principles are similar to Da Vinci surgical robots of American companies.
What is exciting is that the researchers of the Third Military Medical University of China have recently developed a new robotic system specifically for minimally invasive spine surgery, which can replace doctors to work under radiological conditions. Not only can improve the accuracy of surgery, but also reduce the risk of surgery. At the same time, it can also reduce the damage of the radiation to the doctor. A few years ago, researchers from Beijing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics collaborated with the Naval General Hospital to develop a new type of robot CRAS-BH1 that can be used for remote brain surgery. According to reports, the system has been successfully used in hundreds of brain operations nationwide.
In recent years, foreign countries have made new progress in the development of surgical robots. The development of new technologies for surgical robots abroad is now briefly introduced.
Abdominal surgery robot
Not long ago, researchers at the Medical Diagnostic Imaging Technology Institute of JIKEI University in Japan developed a pocket-sized abdominal surgery robot. Its maximum size is only 6mm. According to the developer, the abdominal robot is suitable for all kinds of intra-abdominal open-view surgery and cardiovascular surgery. The newly developed surgical robot is equipped with a stereo camera, two joysticks and a flexible tube with a diameter of 3 mm (which can be used as an instrument channel). In addition, the surgical robot can also be equipped with 4D ultrasonic imager and other equipment, which is more versatile.
Snake robot
A research team at Carnegie Mellon University in the United States developed a snake-shaped surgical robot (CARDIA-ARM) last year. It has a "snake head" (with a camera and some surgical instruments installed). The "snake body" is composed of several sections that can be bent freely, the total length is 300mm, and the diameter of the "snake head" and "snake body" is 12mm. According to the developer, the snake-shaped robot is suitable for various vascular operations, especially complex arterial vascular operations, such as the removal of lipid plaques attached to the inner wall of the artery. As long as a small opening is made in the skin of the chest and the snake-shaped robot is inserted, the operation can be performed, and the patient recovers faster after the operation.
Knee surgery robot
A research center affiliated to Taiwan ’s Cheng Kung University has developed a new type of robot suitable for various knee operations. According to reports, human knee bones, muscles and nerves are very compact and complex. When a doctor uses a scalpel on his knee, he or she will injure nerves or muscles if you accidentally. The knee surgery robot developed by the Taiwan University has a parallel joystick with a hexagonal structure. Under the guidance of the software, the surgical robot can perform various complicated knee operations, such as the precise grinding of the bone growth part, etc., to restore it As it is, it can replace surgeons to perform some difficult operations.
Portable low-cost surgical robot
Surgical robots currently on the market cost around US $ 1 million each. This is a bit unbearable for hospitals in developing countries. In order to develop a popular surgical robot, researchers from the Department of Electromechanics of Purdue University in the United States have finally developed a set of new portable surgical robots after years of research. The price is only 200,000 to 250,000 US dollars each, which is about 1/4 ~ 1/5 of the market price of surgical robots. It is understood that the newly developed surgical robot developed by Purdue University has extremely high sensitivity and is suitable for surgical operations that require high precision, including prostate cancer resection. Because various nerves are densely distributed near the prostate, manual surgery will hurt the nerves Nerve, causing patients with impotence and other adverse consequences. The incision of this surgical robot is very precise and will never hurt the nerves around the prostate.
Cardiovascular surgery robot
Researchers at the University of Tokyo developed a new robot (C-PORT-FLEX A) suitable for minimally invasive cardiovascular surgery last year.
As we all know, cardiothoracic surgery is more difficult, and if the operation is wrong, it is likely to endanger the patient's life. The technology of the Japanese medical community in endoscopic surgery is internationally leading. Even so, patients in the Japanese medical community die of cardiovascular surgery every year, such as coronary artery bypass surgery. The new cardiovascular surgery robot developed by the researchers of Dongda University is small and compact, and can accurately complete surgical operations such as vascular suture under the guidance of the probe. It is expected that this cardiovascular surgery robot will be put into mass production this year.
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