Teaching and Research on Regeneration Energy Feedback of New Energy Vehicles

The application of feedback technology on the one hand increases the driving range of the electric drive vehicle on one charge, on the other hand reduces the wear of the traditional brake, and also improves the control performance of the vehicle dynamics.

With the increasingly serious problems of environmental pollution and energy crisis, new energy vehicles, including hybrid vehicles, pure electric vehicles and fuel cell vehicles, have become hotspots in research and development around the world. About 1 / 3 to 1 / 2 of the cars driving in urban conditions are used to directly drive the vehicle's energy and are consumed during braking. If this part of the dissipated energy can be recycled, the energy economy of the vehicle can be greatly improved.

Brake energy recovery, also known as feedback braking or regenerative braking, for electric drive vehicles, refers to the driving motor operating in the power generation state during deceleration or braking, converting part of the kinetic energy of the vehicle into electrical energy and storing it in the battery. In the middle, the motor feedback torque is applied to the drive shaft to brake the vehicle. The application of this technology increases the driving range of the electric drive vehicle on one hand, and reduces the wear of the conventional brake on the other hand, and also improves the control performance of the vehicle dynamics. Therefore, research on braking energy recovery integration technology has important significance and broad prospects.

Figure 1 Brake Energy Recovery System

For conventional internal combustion engine vehicles, the braking force is mainly generated by the friction braking system, and the generation mechanism is relatively simple. For the electric drive vehicle, after the brake energy feedback is introduced, the total braking force demand must be considered to be distributed between the friction braking force and the feedback braking force to achieve coordinated control of the two. Due to the influence of battery and motor characteristics, the feedback braking force from the electric drive system is different from the friction braking force. Under the same mechanical and dynamic conditions, the characteristics of the two are also very different. These are the braking energy. Issues that need to be focused on in the development and application of recycling systems.

From the vehicle level analysis, the brake energy recovery system mainly includes two subsystems of electric brake system and hydraulic brake system, and related components such as vehicle controller, transmission, differential and wheel. The electric brake system consists of a drive motor and its controller, a power battery and a battery management system. The motor controller is used to control the driving motor to work in the power generation state, and the feedback braking force is applied; the battery management system controls the electric energy recovery to the battery; the hydraulic control system includes a hydraulic brake actuator and a brake controller (BCU) for controlling the friction braking force. The establishment and regulation.

The key technologies of the brake energy recovery system are mainly reflected in parts, system control and evaluation methods. The primary problem of system control strategy is the problem of brake force distribution. In this respect, domestic scholars are mostly in the stage of theoretical analysis and modeling and simulation, and there are many strategies. For example, as shown in Figure 2.

Figure 2 System Control Strategy Example

Improving the economics and endurance of new energy vehicles is the original intention of studying the braking energy system, and the economic evaluation method is also the hotspot direction that many scholars have been studying. At present, there are two main evaluation indicators for the improvement of energy economy in braking energy recovery: the efficiency of braking energy recovery and the contribution rate to the extension of driving range.

For example, in order to consider the ability of the braking energy system to recover kinetic energy during the deceleration braking process, the braking energy recovery efficiency ηreg can be used as an evaluation index:

Ηreg=Ereg/Erecoverable&TImes; 100%

Where: Ereg is the energy recovered at the wheel during braking; Erecoverable is the energy that can be recovered during braking.

In response to the regenerative energy feedback test of automotive drive motors, the new energy teaching research platform launched by Zhiyuan Electronics adopts a similar component to the actual electric vehicle electric drive and control system, which can intuitively and realistically simulate the actual composition and operation of electric vehicles. And can test and analyze the entire system;

According to GB/T 18488-2015 electric vehicle drive motor system test standard, the motor can be driven in the energy feedback state by using the load motor reverse drag drive motor, and the integration function of the built-in MDA motor and the drive analyzer can be flexibly utilized. The real-time integration of the input of the motor controller accurately captures the energy value of the motor when it is braked, and can comprehensively analyze the performance and economic indicators of the braking energy system of the new energy vehicle.

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