Laser technology applied to cars

When it comes to the application of laser technology in automobiles, you may be familiar with laser welding, laser cutting and laser marking. Thanks to the promotion of automobile manufacturers, even ordinary consumers know the laser welding of a certain body. How many meters have reached the length. Indeed, the application of laser processing technology as an advanced manufacturing technology in automobiles has greatly improved the manufacturing level of automobiles and improved production efficiency and production quality. However, with the development of technology, the application of lasers in automobiles is not limited to these processing fields. Today, and listen to small-scale laser technology in the car for those applications you may not know.

Laser headlights: smaller, brighter, more energy efficient

As an important part of the car, the car headlights provide decorative and aesthetic functions while providing lighting to ensure safe driving. Today, as technology continues to evolve, people want it to be brighter while still being more energy efficient and durable. Therefore, in the more than 100 years of development of the automotive industry, automotive headlights have also undergone a series of technological innovations, from halogen headlights, xenon headlights to today's LED headlights. However, when automakers are still vigorously promoting the various advantages of LED headlights, the laser headlights "half-way", and there is a tendency to come up later.

Audi R8 LMX laser headlights

It is understood that the earliest ideas for using laser technology for car headlights are BMW and Sandia National Laboratories. They use a combination of blue, red, green and yellow light sources to create a white light source that is comparable to that produced by ordinary illuminators. It also solves the problem of poor quality of white light color rendering by laser diode lasers. In 2011, BMW took the lead in applying the laser headlights to the i8 concept car, which was introduced to the market in the fall of 2014 and became the world's first production model with laser headlights. BMW then applied it to the new model. A generation of 7 series models. At the same time, Audi, which has made great achievements in the field of automotive lighting and has been dubbed "light factory" by fans, is naturally unwilling to lag behind. Its matrix laser headlight technology has also been applied to the R8 LMX production car.

People can't help but ask: LED headlights have the advantages of energy saving, long life, small size, low brightness attenuation and fast speed. Why do you need laser headlights? In fact, the laser source is different from the ordinary light source. It is only a monochromatic light source. The light has only one wavelength, so this feature can make the laser illumination brighter and the light pattern can be controlled accurately, quickly and safely. Thanks to these characteristics, in addition to the advantages of LED lights, laser headlights have a higher brightness, which is a thousand times that of LED headlights. Therefore, the illumination distance is farther, and the laser headlights on the BMW i8 models can reach an effective illumination distance. 600 meters; in addition, the size of the laser headlight assembly is smaller, which leaves more design space for the car designer; more importantly, the laser headlights are more efficient in lighting, so they are more energy efficient and depend on the future. The advantages of battery-powered electric vehicles will become more apparent.

In addition to the headlights, Audi and other manufacturers have applied laser light sources to the fog lamps, using the controllable characteristics of the laser light source to improve the visual effect of the lights and improve driving safety. In addition, with the characteristics of laser diode illumination, lasers have new applications in automotive interior lighting through light-guide materials. Just like the BMW i8 advertising: now with laser headlights (now the era of laser headlights), laser headlights will open a milestone in the field of automotive lighting.

Lidar: Helping the development of autonomous vehicles

If car lighting is about to enter a new era, then another great era in the automotive industry is coming, that is, self-driving cars. Automated driving vehicles use sensors and vehicle networking technologies to collect data about the environment surrounding the vehicle and the vehicle. The on-board computer uses these real-time data as a basis for judging the acceleration, braking and steering systems of the vehicle, thereby achieving unmanned operation. A technique of self-driving.

Google Autopilot Test Vehicle

In real-time data collection, sensors mounted on the vehicle play a key role, including cameras, radar and ultrasonic sensors. In fact, these technologies have been widely used in today's vehicles to improve driving safety, such as lane keeping, emergency braking systems and reversing assistance. However, these sensor technologies have their own advantages and disadvantages, and any technology that can achieve automatic driving cannot meet the demand. Another application for detection and ranging technology, the application of laser radar in automobiles, complements these sensors and accelerates the implementation of autonomous vehicles.

Lidar, also known as LIDAR (laser detection and ranging), is a system that emits a laser beam to detect the position, velocity and distance of a target. It is understood that Lidar was originally used in the military field as a target detection and tracking system and is considered to be a device that is more difficult to be interfered and detected by enemy forces. Different from the camera and ultrasonic sensor, the laser radar can accurately determine the shape and position of the object by reading the laser reflection data, and even detect the markings, pits and slope of the lane. These data are very important for the auto driving of the car. important. In addition, because the laser beam has a long range, it can detect farther objects, allowing the car to "see" farther.

In Google's self-driving cars, its positioning navigation system uses 64-level laser technology for object detection and ranging, collecting information on more than 1 million data points, providing key location information and navigation functions. In addition to Google, OEMs including Toyota, Volkswagen, BMW, Audi, Nissan, and other Tier 1 suppliers such as Continental, Bosch and Delphi are developing and testing autonomous vehicle technology. In addition, Baidu’s unmanned Driving cars have also been tested on the road, and these companies naturally use laser radar technology. For the foreseeable future, the development of autonomous vehicles will create a huge market demand for laser radar.

Laser HUD: Improve driving safety

Head-up display (HUD), also known as head-up display, has received increasing attention in the car in recent years. This device projects the driving information of the vehicle onto the front windshield by means of projection, such as vehicle speed, engine speed, navigation information, fuel quantity and some warning information. The head-up display allows the driver to keep his eyes on the road ahead while driving, without having to look down at the information, thus helping to improve driving safety.

Traditionally, head-up displays use a light bulb as a light source to directly display data using screen reflections. The display effect is highly dependent on the quality and brightness of the light source. Like projectors, the light source of a heads-up display has evolved from a traditional light bulb to an LED, to today's laser technology. The first laser-head-up display first appeared at the 2011 Consumer Electronics Show in Las Vegas, and Audi and Pioneer each exhibited the technology.

Taking Pioneer's products as an example, it mainly uses RGB laser technology, using red, green and blue monochromatic lasers with higher power as the light source, mixing into full color. When the scanning speed is higher than the critical flashing frequency of imaging, To meet the requirements of the human eye "visual residue", the human eye can clearly observe. Compared with the traditional head-up display, the data displayed by the laser technology will be clearer, even in the outdoor with strong sunlight, in addition, the data displayed will be more traditional than on the motherboard. Soldering LEDs to display more flexible data.

The first to apply a laser heads-up display to a production car is Jaguar, which is equipped with a laser head-up display for the first time in its new generation of XE models. Jaguar said that this head-up display is the industry's first use of laser projection technology. Compared with traditional equipment, laser projection onto the windshield can reduce the interference of external light and shadow, and the displayed picture is clearer and the contrast is higher. In addition, in addition to providing information about speed, navigation and maps, laser head-up displays are smaller than conventional devices and weigh 1/3 less.

According to market research firm MarketsandMarkets, the global head-up display market demand will reach US$9.02 billion in 2020, with an average compound annual growth rate of 26.23%. Laser heads-up displays will continue to increase their market penetration thanks to their unique advantages.

Laser headlights, lidars and laser HUDs have all been used in production models. However, the application of laser technology in automobiles is not limited to this. For example, research institutes and automobile manufacturers have begun to try to use lasers on spark plugs of engine ignition systems to improve combustion efficiency; in addition, automobile manufacturers use lasers for gestures. Detection and ranging (the principle is equivalent to the previous laser radar), used in the gesture control system for system control. Looking forward to the future, with the continuous development of technology and the emergence of new demands, lasers will exert more potential to meet the needs of automobiles for safety, environmental protection and intelligence.

Introduction

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