Human voices are typically made up of the pitch of the sound and a series of overtones. These overtones, referred to as harmonics in physics and electroacoustics, and overtones in music, play a crucial role in defining the tonal characteristics. The number of overtones and their respective amplitudes form the frequency characteristic curve of the tone, which reflects its expressiveness. For instance, the lowest audio frequency of a piano is 27.5Hz, while the highest reaches 4186Hz. A piano can produce over a dozen overtones, with high frequencies extending to 10kHz-20kHz. Generally, pianos can detect up to 16 or 24 overtones. These overtones can be categorized into low-, mid-, and high-frequency ranges. Strong low-frequency overtones give the tone depth, mid-frequency overtones enhance roundness and harmony, while high-frequency overtones add brightness and clarity.
Let’s delve deeper into how we can adjust the mixer based on specific environments by examining three distinct groups: hosts, amateurs, and professional singers, to achieve the ideal sound quality!
1. Tuning for Hosts
Most hosts are women, known for their articulate, expressive voices capable of influencing audiences. Their tone needs careful adjustment. Whispering can create an intimate atmosphere but may introduce excessive low-frequency noise due to the near-field effect. Specific adjustments include:
- Reduce Low Frequency (LF): About -6dB around 100Hz, with a maximum reduction of -10dB.
- Boost Mid Frequency (MID): 3-6dB at 250Hz-2kHz, as this range is vital for speech clarity.
- Reduce High Frequency (HF): 3-6dB above 6kHz to minimize high-frequency noise.
Hosts’ microphones should avoid using reverberation (REV) or echo (ECHO) effects to preserve authenticity and intimacy.
2. Tuning for Amateurs
In karaoke settings, many enthusiasts and casual singers lack formal training, leading to issues like throaty tones in men and breathy noises in women. Common problems include:
- Eliminate frequencies below 100Hz to remove low-frequency noise and purify the tone.
- Slightly attenuate 500-800Hz to prevent stiffness.
- Enhance midrange by 3-6dB to add brightness and clarity.
- Increase volume for those with weaker voices, especially boosting 200-300Hz to amplify sound intensity.
- Avoid automatic volume control for amateurs due to limited dynamic range.
3. Tuning for Professional Singers
Professional singers often perform in karaoke venues, bringing unique styles shaped by years of practice. They exhibit powerful vocals with defined overtones and dynamic ranges. Proper tuning requires understanding their tone qualities, vocal ranges, and song preferences. Key considerations include:
- High-quality microphones with broad frequency responses and minimal distortion.
- Adjustments for gender-specific tones:
- Women may experience sibilance (S-sounds) at 7-10kHz; attenuating by 3dB helps mitigate this.
- Men’s voices are typically 8 semitones lower, with a slight reduction (-3dB) at 100Hz enhancing clarity.
By focusing on these details, we can ensure each singer achieves their optimal sound, creating unforgettable performances!
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