Lead-acid batteries are widely used, but many people lack proper knowledge about their operation, leading to various misunderstandings. In recent years, with the increasing adoption of electric vehicles, incidents involving battery explosions have become more common. These accidents often result from improper handling of lead-acid batteries, causing serious damage to life and property. This article aims to explore the root causes of such explosions by examining the working principles of lead-acid batteries, offering valuable insights for better understanding and safe usage.
The working principle of a lead-acid battery involves the interaction between its components: the positive electrode is made of lead dioxide (PbOâ‚‚), the negative electrode consists of spongy metallic lead (Pb), and the electrolyte is dilute sulfuric acid. During charging and discharging, chemical reactions occur at both electrodes, converting electrical energy into stored chemical energy or vice versa. These reactions are essential for the battery's function but also contribute to potential safety risks if not properly managed.
During the charging process, gases like hydrogen and oxygen can be produced, especially when voltage levels change. If the vent holes are blocked, these gases can accumulate inside the battery, increasing internal pressure. Additionally, heat generated from internal resistance during charge and discharge cycles raises the temperature of the electrolyte, causing water to evaporate. If the vent is not clear, this vapor may not escape, leading to dehydration and excessive internal pressure over time.
There are three main scenarios that can lead to a lead-acid battery explosion:
1. **Excessive Internal Pressure**: At the end of charging, water in the electrolyte can decompose into hydrogen and oxygen. If the vent is clogged, gas buildup increases internal pressure, potentially causing the battery case to deform and eventually rupture.
2. **Hydrogen Ignition**: Hydrogen and oxygen mixtures are highly explosive within certain concentration ranges. If an open flame comes into contact with this mixture, it can trigger an explosion. Overcharging, faulty connections, or poor design can increase the risk of such events.
3. **Mechanical Failure Due to Blockage**: A blocked vent can cause the battery to burst first, creating vibrations that might lead to sparks or other ignition sources, resulting in further explosion.
To prevent such incidents, several measures should be taken:
- Ensure proper ventilation in battery charging areas and eliminate any open flames.
- Use compatible and well-maintained charging equipment.
- Keep all cable connections tight to avoid sparks caused by loose contacts.
- Maintain unobstructed battery vents.
- Regularly check the output voltage of the regulator or alternator to ensure it stays within safe limits—typically no more than 14.4V for gasoline vehicles and 28.8V for diesel vehicles.
Battery explosions can be devastating, but with proper care and maintenance, most risks can be significantly reduced. The DACEEN lead-acid battery protector, developed by Beijing Dacheng Lvchuan Technology Co., Ltd., offers an innovative solution. Installed directly on the battery’s terminals, it uses continuous pulse technology to remove sulfation and prevent new buildup, reducing internal resistance and ensuring balanced charging. This device helps maintain a safer, more efficient, and longer-lasting power supply, providing peace of mind for users who rely on reliable DC power.
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