Lead-acid batteries are widely used, but many people lack a full understanding of how they should be properly handled, leading to common misconceptions. In recent years, with the growing popularity of electric vehicles, incidents involving lead-acid batteries have become more frequent. Unfortunately, improper use has led to dangerous explosions, causing serious damage to both life and property. This article aims to explore the root causes of such explosions by examining the working principle of lead-acid batteries, offering insights for better battery management.
The working principle of a lead-acid battery involves several key components. The positive electrode is made of lead dioxide (PbOâ‚‚), while the negative electrode consists of sponge-like metallic lead (Pb). The electrolyte is dilute sulfuric acid, which facilitates the chemical reactions during charging and discharging. These reactions convert electrical energy into stored chemical energy or vice versa, depending on whether the battery is being charged or discharged.
During the charging process, gases such as hydrogen and oxygen can be released, especially when the voltage changes. If the vent hole becomes blocked, these gases can accumulate inside the battery, increasing internal pressure. Additionally, heat generated from internal resistance during charge and discharge cycles can cause the electrolyte temperature to rise, leading to water evaporation and potential dehydration of the battery if the vent is not clear.
There are three main scenarios that can lead to a lead-acid battery explosion. First, excessive internal pressure due to gas buildup can cause the battery case to deform or even rupture. Second, hydrogen gas, when mixed with air or oxygen, can form an explosive mixture. If this mixture reaches its explosive limit and comes into contact with an open flame, it can ignite and cause an explosion. Third, if the vent is blocked, the initial burst can cause vibrations, potentially creating sparks that trigger further explosions.
To prevent such accidents, several precautions should be taken. The charging area must be well-ventilated and free from any sources of open flame. Using a properly matched charger is essential to avoid overcharging. All cable connections should be secure to prevent sparking. The battery’s vent must remain unobstructed at all times. Lastly, the output voltage of the regulator or alternator should be checked regularly to ensure it stays within safe limits—typically no more than 14.4V for gasoline vehicles and 28.8V for diesel vehicles.
Lead-acid battery explosions are serious, but with proper care and maintenance, most of these risks can be avoided. The DACEEN lead-acid battery protector, developed by Beijing Dacheng Lvchuan Technology Co., Ltd., offers a practical solution. Installed directly on the battery’s terminals, it continuously delivers pulse energy to remove sulfation on the plates and prevent new deposits from forming. By reducing internal resistance and balancing the charging voltage, this device helps maintain a safer, more efficient power supply. With this technology, users can enjoy a reliable and worry-free DC power source.
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