The low-frequency signal generator is a versatile electronic instrument designed to produce signals that meet specific technical requirements. This device is commonly used in laboratories, educational institutions, and industrial settings for testing and calibration purposes. As an example, the FJ-XD22PS low-frequency signal generator will be introduced here. It is a multi-functional tool capable of generating various waveforms such as sine waves, rectangular waves, sharp pulses, TTL levels, and single pulses. In addition, it can function as a frequency meter to measure the frequency of external input signals.
Figure A-2 shows the panel layout of the FJ-XD22PS low-frequency signal generator.
**2.1 Panel Description of the FJ-XD22PS Low-Frequency Signal Generator**
As shown in Figure A-2, the panel of the FJ-XD22PS includes the following key components:
1. Power switch
2. Signal output terminal
3. Waveform selection button
4. Sine wave amplitude adjustment knob
5. Rectangular wave and sharp pulse amplitude adjustment knob
6. Pulse width adjustment knob
7. Output signal attenuation selection button
8. Band selection button
9. Frequency coarse adjustment knob
10. Frequency fine adjustment knob
11. Single pulse button
12. Signal input terminal
13. Six-digit digital display window
14. Internal/external measurement function selection button (press to select external, toggle to select internal)
15. Frequency measurement button
16. Period measurement button
17. Count button
18. Reset button
19. LED indicating frequency or period unit
20. LED indicating the current measurement function
**2.2 Main Technical Specifications**
1. **Signal Source Section**
- Frequency range: 1 Hz to 1 MHz, adjustable in six steps using band selection and fine tuning.
- Frequency drift: ≤ 0.4% for the first gear, ≤ 0.1% for gears 2–5, and ≤ 0.2% for the sixth gear.
- Sine wave: Frequency response ≤ 1 dB (≤ 1.5 dB for the sixth gear), output amplitude ≥ 5 Vpp, waveform distortion ≤ 0.1% between 20 Hz and 20 kHz.
- Square wave and sharp pulse: Duty cycle adjustable from 30% to 70%, rise and fall time ≤ 40 ns, waveform distortion ≤ 5% at rated amplitude.
- High impedance output ≥ 10 Vpp, 50 Ω output ≥ 5 Vpp.
- Sharp pulse: Pulse width 0.1 μs, output amplitude ≥ 5 Vpp.
2. **Frequency Meter Section (Internal and External)**
- Function: Displays frequency, period, and count on a six-digit red seven-segment display.
- Input waveform types: Sine wave, symmetrical pulse, and positive pulse.
- Input amplitude: 1 V to 5 V peak for pulses, 1.2 V to 5 V for sine waves.
- Input impedance: ≥ 1 MΩ.
- Measurement range: 1 Hz to 20 MHz with an accuracy of ±5 × 10â»â´ ± 1 digit.
- Counting: Minimum period ≥ 1 μs, counting range: 1 to 98340.
**2.3 Basic Operation Steps**
1. Connect the power cable to a 220V, 50Hz AC power supply. Ensure the grounding pin is properly connected to avoid interference.
2. Before turning on the device, set all output controls to their minimum positions.
3. Allow the device to preheat for sufficient stability.
4. Adjust the frequency by selecting the appropriate frequency band and fine-tuning the frequency control. The “internal/external†button should be in the internal position, and the frequency will be displayed on the six-digit screen.
5. Change the waveform by pressing the corresponding waveform key (from left to right: sine wave, square wave, sharp pulse, TTL level).
6. Use the output attenuation buttons (0 dB, 20 dB, 40 dB, 60 dB, 80 dB) as needed. Press “0 dB†if no attenuation is required.
7. Adjust the amplitude of the sine wave and pulse wave using the respective knobs. Avoid short-circuiting the output.
8. Adjust the pulse width of the square wave using the dedicated knob.
9. For single-pulse mode, raise all frequency keys, turn the pulse width knob fully clockwise or counterclockwise, then press the “single†button to generate a positive or negative pulse.
10. Use the frequency meter for internal or external measurements. Press the “internal/external†button to switch modes. Select frequency, period, or count by tapping the respective buttons. The LEDs indicate the current measurement mode and unit. If the display shows “-- -- -- -- -- --â€, press the reset button. If multiple LEDs are lit simultaneously, try toggling them off and back on.
**2.4 Example Measurement**
Example: Generate a 1000 Hz sine wave with an effective value of 10 mV using the FJ-XD22PS.
Steps:
1. After powering on and allowing a few minutes of warm-up, press the “~†waveform key to select a sine wave.
2. Ensure the “internal/external†button is in the internal position.
3. Press the “20 dB†attenuation button to reduce the signal by 20 dB.
4. Select the “1K–10K†frequency band to adjust the frequency between 1 kHz and 10 kHz.
5. Tap the “Frequency†button to start measuring. The red LED above the button lights up, and the display shows the frequency. The “Hz†LED confirms the unit.
6. Adjust the coarse and fine frequency knobs until the displayed frequency reaches 1000 Hz. Note that the frequency display may lag slightly, so move the knob slowly.
7. Since the signal generator does not show the voltage directly, use an AC meter to measure the output. If the voltage is not 10 mV, adjust the attenuation and amplitude knobs accordingly.
8. To observe the waveform, connect the output to an oscilloscope. For other waveforms, follow similar steps.
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