The PD3 pin supports multiplexing functionality as TIM2_CC2, which can be used to test the PWM (Pulse Width Modulation) function. This example demonstrates how to adjust the brightness of an LED connected to PD3 by modifying the PWM pulse width using a potentiometer. The program reads the analog value from the potentiometer via the ADC and updates the PWM duty cycle accordingly.
```c
#include "stm8s.h"
void CLK_init(void)
{
CLK_CKDIVR = 0x08; // Divide 16MHz internal RC by 2, resulting in 8MHz system clock
}
void GPIO_init(void)
{
PD_DDR |= 0x08; // Set PD3 as output
PD_CR1 |= 0x08; // Configure PD3 for push-pull output
}
void TIM2_init(void)
{
TIM2_CCMR2 |= 0x70; // Set PWM mode 2
TIM2_CCER1 |= 0x30; // Enable CC2 as output
TIM2_ARRH = 0x03; // Set ARR to 0x03FF (10-bit resolution)
TIM2_ARRL = 0xFF;
TIM2_CR1 |= 0x01; // Start the counter
}
void ADC_init(void)
{
ADC_CSR = 0x03; // Select AIN3 as the ADC input
ADC_CR1 |= 0x01; // Power on the ADC
}
void Run(void)
{
unsigned int value;
ADC_CSR &= ~0x80; // Clear End of Conversion flag
ADC_CR1 |= 0x01; // Start a single conversion
while (!(ADC_CSR & 0x80)); // Wait for conversion to complete
value = ((int)ADC_DRH) >> 2; // Read upper 8 bits (left-aligned)
value |= ADC_DRL; // Read lower 8 bits
TIM2_CCR2H = (unsigned char)(value >> 8); // Update compare register
TIM2_CCR2L = (unsigned char)(value);
}
void init_devices(void)
{
asm("sim"); // Disable interrupts
CLK_init();
GPIO_init();
TIM2_init();
ADC_init();
asm("rim"); // Enable interrupts
}
void main(void)
{
init_devices();
while (1)
Run();
}
```
This code is based on the STM8 microcontroller family and assumes that the potentiometer is connected to the ADC input channel AIN3. The PWM signal on PD3 controls the brightness of LED1, with the duty cycle directly proportional to the position of the potentiometer. The ADC reads the analog voltage, converts it into a digital value, and then updates the PWM compare register to adjust the output. The code also includes proper initialization routines for the clock, GPIO, timer, and ADC modules. For more details, refer to the official STM8 documentation or relevant technical resources.
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