Enhanced LED Driver Solution: Fully Configurable Smart 16 LED Light Source Driver

LED1642GW is ST's next-generation LED array driver, offering a range of fully configurable and innovative features while maintaining the original 24-pin standard package. This design simplifies practical applications by requiring only an external resistor, significantly reducing component costs and enhancing system design flexibility. The new embedded features provide greater flexibility for system designers, offering various configuration options such as local dimming, global current regulation, switching time setting, inter-channel sequential delay, advanced LED fault detection, automatic energy-saving technology, and serial data and clock resynchronization. These features allow users to tailor the driver to their specific needs. Designed to meet noise reduction requirements in various applications, the LED1642GW allows users to set the switching speed of the output channel via a serial interface. Four different speeds are available, with an on-time setting range of 30nS to 270nS. Combined with channel output delay, this feature helps reduce EMI interference and improve voltage stability. When the output channel is turned off, the module automatically wakes up upon receiving the first conduction command, enabling the automatic power-saving function to turn off the driver when not in use. Figure 1 – Main application example of LED1642GW Foreword The widespread adoption of LEDs in daily life has become commonplace, from mobile devices and advertising signs to LCD TV backlights, lighting systems, and automotive LED lighting. As LED prices continue to drop and energy efficiency improves, equipment manufacturers have the opportunity to redesign their products. Each product requires a unique LED driver solution. In the mature LED driver market, suppliers must continuously optimize performance, reliability, and cost structure. For high-end projects with strict requirements and budget constraints, achieving true differentiation and optimal performance at the same level demands clever functional innovation to create added value at competitive prices. The LED1642GW offers excellent channel-to-channel output current matching (±3%) and the smallest operating current in the industry. It is certified for automotive-grade quality, ensuring high reliability and robustness. The LED1642GW intelligently addresses new market demands by integrating many innovative features into a standard package, providing the best innovation-to-cost ratio in the industry. LED1642GW Product Brief The LED1642GW is a low-voltage, low-power 16-bit monolithic shift register designed by STMicroelectronics for LED and display panels. It guarantees a 20V output voltage and can drive multiple LEDs in series. With sixteen regulated power supplies, it provides a constant current output ranging from 3mA to 36mA per channel. Users can adjust the current using an external resistor and two 7-bit current gain registers, along with a 12/16-bit gray scale controller for brightness adjustment. The switching time can be set to four different values to help reduce system noise. The LED1642GW includes open/short fault detection, optional auto-shutdown and auto-on functions, and thermal management that alarms and shuts down the driver if overheating occurs (at 170°C). Its high-frequency serial interface (up to 30 MHz) makes it suitable for high-speed data transmission. An optional gradual output delay reduces inrush current, especially in daisy-chain configurations where SDO synchronization is useful. The power supply voltage ranges from 3V to 5.5V. LED1642GW Features Multiple functions of the LED1642GW can be enabled through configuration registers. Each feature is briefly described below. Gain Control and Current Range The driver’s output current can be set using an external resistor connected between the R-EXT and GND pins. Additionally, the current value can be adjusted by configuring specific bits in the registers. Based on internal gain and range adjustments, the product can increase the current to 36mA or decrease it to 3mA. This allows for flexible current adjustment without changing the external resistor, avoiding hardware modifications. This feature also supports global analog dimming, adjusting the LED’s brightness and color temperature through DC output. Error Detection This feature monitors normal operation and checks all channels for faults, helping identify issues such as open or shorted LEDs. It simplifies display inspection by pinpointing the location of failures. Automatic Power Off and Wake Up When all output channels are off, this feature reduces power consumption. It can be enabled or disabled via configuration registers. When all latch data is “0” (output off), the AutoOFF function activates; when at least one data bit is “1” (output on), the driver reactivates. This significantly lowers power consumption, especially in large-screen displays. Switch Time Setting To enhance design flexibility, the current generator allows setting the switching time (output current waveform). The switch time can be configured to four different values via the configuration register: 30/20ns, 100/40ns, 140/80ns, and 180/150ns. This feature optimizes EMI performance during LED PWM operation. SDO Delay Under normal conditions, the SDO pin data is shifted out on the rising edge of the clock signal. However, by properly configuring the registers, the SDO pin data can be shifted out on the falling edge of the clock signal. This feature is particularly useful in daisy-chain configurations where clock and data delays may occur. It provides a quick solution when synchronizing physical layer clock and data signals. Gradual Output Delay This feature gradually turns on the current generator to prevent all output channels from activating simultaneously. When the PWM controller turns on the driver channel, the output channels can be started either simultaneously or staggered. By setting the configuration register, the user can control the turn-on delay between adjacent channels (10ns) and between the first and last channel (approximately 150ns). This prevents excessive inrush current, reduces the need for bypass capacitors, and minimizes EMI interference. PWM Counter Setting and Brightness Register Each channel’s brightness can be adjusted using a 12/16-bit PWM grayscale control. Luminance data is loaded into the 16-bit shift register via the SDI pin, and each output channel has its own shift register. The output PWM signal is generated by comparing the brightness register contents with a 16-bit or 12-bit counter (selected via the configuration register). The counter clock source comes from the PWCLK pin. Temperature Monitoring The product includes a temperature control logic function that provides a flag status when the internal temperature exceeds 150°C. If the temperature continues to rise above 170°C, the thermal shutdown function activates, turning off the power analog terminal to protect the driver. However, the digital interface remains active to ensure daisy chain and data communication continue. Temperature status information can be read via the SDO pin. LED1642GW Evaluation Board The STEVAL-ILL061V1 (Figure 6) is an application demonstration board for the LED1642GW driver. It is a high-brightness RGB LED array system board with local dimming and diagnostics based on the STM32 microcontroller and SPI interface. The ST L7981 DC/DC converter powers the entire board. The demo board includes three LED drivers and an LED color temperature regulator, offering multiple lighting functions such as overall brightness variation, random color speed, color wave, configurable animation, and error detection. Figure 6 – STEVAL-ILL061V1 Evaluation Board The computer GUI software (Figures 7 and 8) allows users to control all functions and set patterns. Figure 7 – LED1642GW PC GUI (Advanced Mode) Figure 8 – LED1642GW PC GUI (Pattern Settings) Conclusion The LED1642GW is ST’s latest flexible LED array driver with intelligent LED driving, advanced LED fault detection, and energy-saving management capabilities. It is suitable for a wide range of applications. A complete suite of evaluation kits (hardware boards and software development tools) enables users to easily and quickly develop enhanced LED driver solutions.

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