Human voices are generally composed of the pitch of the sound and a series of overtones. These overtones, referred to as harmonics in physics, harmonics in electroacoustics, and overtones in music, play a crucial role in shaping the tonal characteristics. The number and amplitude of these overtones create the frequency response curve of the tone, which defines its expressiveness. For instance, a piano's lowest audible frequency is 27.5Hz, while the highest is 4186Hz. A piano typically has more than a dozen overtones, reaching frequencies of 10kHz to 20kHz. Usually, 16 or 24 overtones can be detected. These overtones can be categorized into low-, mid-, and high-frequency bands. When the low-frequency overtones are dominant, the tone tends to be richer and deeper. Mid-frequency overtones provide a rounded, natural, and balanced sound, while high-frequency overtones contribute to clarity, brightness, and sharpness.
Let’s explore how to adjust the mixer based on different scenarios involving hosts, amateurs, and professional singers to achieve optimal sound quality!
1. Adjusting for Hosts:
Most hosts are women, known for their clear, articulate, and expressive voices. Their tone needs to be carefully adjusted to engage the audience effectively.
Whispering: Soft whispers convey delicate emotions, creating an intimate atmosphere when the mic is close to the mouth. However, this can lead to excessive low-frequency noise due to the proximity effect.
Specific adjustments:
- Reduce LF by about 6dB around 100Hz, with a maximum reduction of 10dB.
- Boost MID by 3-6dB from 250Hz to 2kHz, as this range is critical for speech clarity.
- Reduce HF by 3-6dB above 6kHz to minimize high-frequency noise.
Reverb and echo effects should be avoided to preserve the authenticity and intimacy of the host’s voice.
2. Tuning for Amateurs:
In karaoke settings, many enthusiasts and amateurs sing for fun, often without proper training. Common issues include throaty male voices, hoarseness, and breathy female tones.
To address these problems:
- Eliminate frequencies below 100Hz to remove unwanted low-frequency noise.
- Slightly reduce 500-800Hz to prevent stiffness.
- Boost MID by 3-6dB to enhance brightness.
- Increase volume, especially in the 200-300Hz range, to add fullness.
- Amateur singers usually have limited dynamic ranges and don’t need automatic volume control.
3. Adjustments for Professional Singers:
Professional singers often perform in karaoke halls, showcasing their vocal prowess. They possess powerful voices with excellent resonance and a distinct singing style.
Key considerations:
- Understand the singer’s tonal qualities, including high, mid, and low overtones.
- Know their vocal and dynamic ranges.
- Familiarize yourself with the song, lyrics, and appropriate techniques.
- Consider the song’s style and the singer’s emotional delivery.
- Use high-quality microphones with wide frequency responses and minimal distortion.
- For female voices, attenuate 3dB at 7-10kHz to reduce "S" sounds.
- For males, reduce 3dB at 100Hz to enhance clarity, as their vocal range is typically 8 semitones lower than females.
By tailoring the mix to each singer’s unique traits, you can create a seamless and engaging auditory experience for your audience!
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