Electronic brake system overview

2019-11-11 14:05:01

The ordinary automobile brake system is mainly composed of a brake pedal, a vacuum booster, a master pump (master cylinder), a sub-pump (wheel cylinder), a brake drum (or a brake disc), and a pipeline. With the development of electromechanical technology, electronic technology has also penetrated into the brake system. A new technology called "Electronic Brake System" has appeared and has been applied to mid- to high-class cars.

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Unlike conventional automotive brake systems, the electronic brake system replaces some mechanical components with electronic components and is a mechatronic system. At the same time, the generation and transmission of hydraulic pressure are different. In the traditional brake system, the driver establishes the brake pressure in the wheel cylinder through the adjustment of the brake master cylinder, while the electronic brake system provides the brake pressure through the hydraulic pressure storage tank, and the stored pressure is Hydraulic fluid generated by an electric piston pump that provides multiple consecutive brakes. The electronic brake control system is generally composed of a sensor, an ECU (Electronic Control Unit), an actuator (hydraulic control unit), and the like. The power transmission between the brake pedal and the wheel brake is disengaged, and during braking, the braking force is controlled by the ECU and the actuator.

When the driver performs the braking operation, the pedal stroke sensor detects the driver's braking intention and transmits this information to the ECU. The ECU collects various signals such as the wheel speed sensor and the steering angle sensor, and calculates each wheel according to the running state of the vehicle. The maximum braking force is re-issued to the actuator's accumulator to perform the braking of each wheel. The high pressure accumulator tank provides the brake pressure required for the wheel cylinder quickly and accurately, without the driver's hassle. At the same time, the control system also accepts sensor signals from other electronic assistance systems (eg ABS, ESP, etc.) to ensure optimum deceleration and driving stability.

Taking the Electro-hydraulic Brake (EHB) developed by Bosch as an example, when the driver brakes, the ECU calculates the optimal brake pressure for each wheel and then independently adjusts each wheel. Brake pressure. A distinctive feature of EHB is the improved brake comfort. The use of this system allows the brake pressure to be automatically adjusted without the direct involvement of the driver.

Taking the SBC (Sensotronic Brake Control) electronically controlled brake system developed by DaimlerChrysler Automobile Company as an example, during the operation of the car, the SBC feeds back information such as the pedal stroke sensor to the ECU, and the ECU issues commands to the actuator for each wheel. Brake. The most important feature of the SBC system is the use of highly sensitive sensors to accurately monitor the movement of the driver and the vehicle. The acceleration of the pedal stroke sensor is used to identify whether the driver is to perform emergency braking and react quickly to start the high pressure storage tank hydraulic pressure. Quickly brake the brake disc to significantly shorten the braking distance.

The electronic brake system has the following significant advantages:

1. Provide a smooth parking function to make the parking process smooth and soft.

2. Provide the function of clearing the brake pads. When the vehicle is driving on a slippery road, the system will send a weak brake pulse at a fixed interval to clear the water film on the brake pads to ensure reliable braking.

3. The assisted braking function of the traffic jam, in the case of traffic jam, the driver only needs to control the accelerator pedal. Once the foot is removed from the accelerator pedal, the system automatically applies a certain amount of braking force to slow down the stop. In this way, the driver does not need to frequently rotate between the accelerator pedal and the brake pedal.

4. Start assist function to prevent the car from slipping backwards or forwards. When the vehicle is in a stopped state on the slope, quickly and effectively step on the brake pedal and then step on the accelerator pedal, this function will start to work, releasing the brake to make the vehicle start smoothly, simplifying the often troublesome ramp start process.

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